ESC worked closely with Singapore National Water Agency (PUB) and Sembcorp Power to understand the potential short-term impact during construction and long-term impacts during operation, assess the impact and recommend mitigation measures to overcome these by the following:

• Alternative analysis with 3 different layouts of the FPV to be simulated, from which the least impact layout was chosen. Layout and PVs configurations are further optimised during detailed design to minimise potential impacts.
• Selection of high energy density PV of Passivated Emitter Rear Cell features, duo-glass material PV to be durable and resistant to all environment, and cable material to be robust and resist high mechanical load and abrasion and mount cables on floating system.
• Online monitoring of water quality, current and microclimate for Pre and during construction and operation, together with quarterly water and sediment sampling to verify online results.
• Limit water temperature increase to be below 1.5 C degree.
• Real data monitoring to be updated into the model during operation to predict long-term impacts in the next 3-5 years for contingency plan preparation.
• Further water quality simulation study was recommended to optimise the floating solar panel configurations as well as Environmental Monitoring and Management Plan (EMMP) for the pre, during, and post-construction of the project.
• The preparation for the EMMP requirements involved extensive biodiversity survey work including camera trapping which focused on the presence and behaviour of birds and otters within the reservoir, to determine any long-term environmental impacts to the fauna.